The effectiveness of financial work incentives in DI and SSI: Lessons from other transfer programs

The Disability Insurance Program (DI) and the Supplemental Security Income Program (SSI) are the primary cash transfer programs for the disabled. We compare the potential outcomes of using financial inducements as a means to increase the work incentives to those who are on DI, and an earnings replacement program, or SSI, a means-tested transfer program not tied to previous work experience. Our assessment of the existing research on work incentives in programs for the nondisabled leads us to urge caution in relying on simple financial inducements as means of work-incentive reform without further, concrete evidence of their effectiveness.

Tax Rates and Work Incentives in the Social Security Disability Insurance Program: Current Law and Alternative Reforms

The Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) Program has long been criticized by economists for its apparent work disincentives stemming from the imposition of 100 percent tax rates on earnings. However, the program has been modified in recent years to allow recipients to keep some of their earnings for fixed periods of time. Moreover, additional proposals have been made for lowering the tax rate further and for providing various additional financial work incentives. We use the basic labor supply model to show the expected effect of these reforms on work effort. In addition, we provide a numerical simulation that shows the magnitude of the monetary incentives provided by the reforms for different categories of individuals. We find that the proposed reforms have ambiguous effects on work effort and could, contrary to perceived wisdom, possibly reduce work effort and increase the number of SSDI recipients. However, the simulations show that reforms based on earnings subsidies for private employers are more likely to increase work effort and to lower the caseload.

Two-dimensional cold-air cascade study of a film-cooled turbine stator blade. 3: Effect of hole size on single-row and multirow ejection

The effect of coolant discharge on the aerodynamic performance of a film cooled turbine stator blade was determined. The blade had the same number, location, and injection angle of coolant holes, but the coolant hole diameters were one half that of a previously investigated blade. Otherwise the blades were the same. Tests with discharge from individual coolant rows and multiple coolant rows, including full film discharge are studied. The results of the blade with smaller holes are reported and compared with the blades with larger holes

Merging in the Shadow of the Law: The Case for Consistent Judicial Efficiency Analysis

This Article examines current judicial interpretation of Section 7 of the Clayton Act through the lens of negotiation theory. The research exposes a gap between how courts state they are analyzing efficiency claims in Section 7 Clayton Act enforcement actions and what they are actually doing. During periods of lax antitrust enforcement, this pattern is not readily visible, since almost all proposed merger and acquisition ( M&A ) deals are approved. With a shift to more aggressive antitrust policy, however, it is critical that merger review include appropriate weighing of transaction-generated efficiencies-something missing from courts\u27 current antitrust analysis. Although only a small number of Section 7 cases are litigated each year, corporate negotiators assess thousands of potential M&A deals annually. For decades, scholars have applied microeconomic models to analyze antitrust policy. This Article applies analytical frameworks from the negotiation literature to demonstrate how, in an environment of increased enforcement, current judicial efficiency analysis would discourage corporate negotiators from pursuing efficient deals, thereby hurting the competitiveness of U.S. companies and markets

Two-dimensional cold-air cascade study of a film-cooled turbine stator blade. 1: Experimental results of pressure-surface film cooling tests

The effect of film coolant ejection from the pressure side of a stator blade was determined in a two-dimensional cascade. Stator exit surveys were made for each of six rows of coolant holes. Successive multirow tests were made with two, three, four, five, and six rows of coolant holes open. The results of the multirow tests are compared with the predicted multirow performance obtained by adding the single-row data. Results are presented in terms of stator primary-air efficiency as a function of coolant fraction

Cold-air experimental investigation of a turbine with blade trailing edge coolant ejection. 1: Single-stage turbine

Tests were made on a 0.762-meter-tip-diameter research turbine to determine the effect of blade coolant flow on its aerodynamic performance. Both stator and rotor blades had trailing-edge slots for coolant ejection. The turbine was tested over a range of speed and pressure ratio. High primary efficiencies, calculated on the basis of primary air only, were obtained. The efficiency attained was identical to that reported for the turbine from a previous investigation were only slotted stator blades where incorporated in the turbine and tested. And it also compares with results for the turbine with solid blading. Independently varying the rotor coolant flow showed that rotor cooling imposed a severe penalty on turbine efficiency. The thermodynamic efficiency, which accounts for the ideal energies of both blade coolant flows, decreased linearly with rotor coolant at a rate of about 0.7 percent per percent rotor coolant fraction

Stock assessment of Queensland east coast dusky flathead (Platycephalus fuscus), Australia, with data to December 2020

In Queensland, dusky flathead (Platycephalus fuscus) are found in inshore waters of east coastal regions from south of Cairns to the New South Wales (NSW) border and targeted by commercial, charter and recreational fishers. Dusky flathead are a gonochore (born male or female and does not change sex) and spawn primarily in the summer months. Female dusky flathead grow much larger and live longer than males. For Queensland’s east coast, they generally attain maximum average length of 85 cm (total length) and live for 11 years. Dusky flathead are believed to be a single population on the east coast of Queensland. Eighteen scenarios were run to cover a range of modelling assumptions and sensitivity tests for the stock model. Base case (most plausible) results suggested that the dusky flathead biomass experienced a decline in the period of 1901–2000 to reach 30% unfished spawning biomass (Figure 3). At the beginning of 2021, the stock level was estimated to be 46% unfished biomass with the 95% confidence interval between 31% and 62%. The East coast inshore fishery harvest strategy: 2021–2026 identifies a target reference point (Btarg) of between 50 and 60 % for tier 2 species within the fishery which applies to dusky flathead (Fisheries Queensland (2021b)). This variation in biomass targets for tier 2 species recognises different biological and economic characteristics among target species in the fishery. The equilibrium yield curve produced as part of this assessment suggests that a 50 % target reference point would maintain the stock in a more productive state than a 60 % target, and is therefore likely to be the most reflective of MEY. The harvest consistent with maintaining a spawning biomass of 50% was estimated at 138 t and for rebuilding the stock back to 50% target, the assessment recommends a biological catch of 106 t for 2021. The harvest consistent with maintaining a spawning biomass of 60% was estimated at 112 t. For a 60% target, the assessment recommends a biological catch of 60 t for 2021(Table 1)

Codling moth (Lepid.: Tortricidae): Disruption of sexual communication with an antipheromone [(E,E)-8,1O-dodecadien-1-O1 acetate]

When broadcast applications of [E, E]-8,10-dodecadien-1l-ol acetate an antipheromone of the codling moth, <i>Cydia pomonella</i> (L.), were made to apple or pear orchards, the catch of male codling moths was reduced in traps baited with either synthetic sex pheromone or virgin females. When the antipheromone, at a rate of 11.25g AI/0.4 ha was applied broadcast to pear trees using a ground dispenser, male response to pheromone- or female-baited traps was completely inhibited for 9 days with no significant reduction thereafter. Based on these and earlier results, it is concluded that (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1l-o1 acetate inhibits male codling moth response, whether the sources are placed in close proximity to the attractive agent or distributed in a broadcast application. These results contradict previous arguments that antipheromones as a group may not be effective in the field when used to permeate large volumes of air

Optical vernier technique for in-situ measurement of the length of long Fabry-Perot cavities

We propose a method for in-situ measurement of the length of kilometer size Fabry-Perot cavities in laser gravitational wave detectors. The method is based on the vernier, which occurs naturally when the laser incident on the cavity has a sideband. By changing the length of the cavity over several wavelengths we obtain a set of carrier resonances alternating with sideband resonances. From the measurement of the separation between the carrier and a sideband resonance we determine the length of the cavity. We apply the technique to the measurement of the length of a Fabry-Perot cavity in the Caltech 40m Interferometer and discuss the accuracy of the technique.Comment: LaTeX 2e, 12 pages, 4 figure

Make Research Data Public? -- Not Always so Simple: A Dialogue for Statisticians and Science Editors

Putting data into the public domain is not the same thing as making those data accessible for intelligent analysis. A distinguished group of editors and experts who were already engaged in one way or another with the issues inherent in making research data public came together with statisticians to initiate a dialogue about policies and practicalities of requiring published research to be accompanied by publication of the research data. This dialogue carried beyond the broad issues of the advisability, the intellectual integrity, the scientific exigencies to the relevance of these issues to statistics as a discipline and the relevance of statistics, from inference to modeling to data exploration, to science and social science policies on these issues.Comment: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/10-STS320 the Statistical Science (http://www.imstat.org/sts/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org